Molecular Markers in the Era of Precision Care in Lung Cancer

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The past two decades have brought advances in molecular profiling and the advent of therapies that specifically target genetic and/or molecular alterations in NSCLC. There are now many FDA-approved targeted therapies for patients with metastatic lung cancer who harbor oncogenic driver alterations, including those in EGFR, ALK, KRAS, MET, and others. These advances epitomize personalized medicine and are improving patient outcomes compared to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. This review highlights the current and evolving landscape of targeted therapies in NSCLC, emphasizing key molecular targets, resistance mechanisms, and new approaches poised to improve patient outcomes in the era of precision oncology. The next decade will likely be marked by further improvements in the specificity, duration of action, and toxicity profiles of targeted therapies, which will allow patients to live longer and better lives.

Publication History

Received: 01 April 2025

Accepted after revision: 04 July 2025

Accepted Manuscript online:
07 July 2025